<>
Cultural Control
For
Dalmatian toadflax - Linaria
dalmatica
<>
<>
Sheep: Sheep will eat
Dalmatian
toadflax. In fact this is a really effective way of controlling
it because the sheep prefer the toadflax over the pastured grasses.
(4,3,1) <>
Goat: Goats are the same as
sheep,
they will eat the whole plant and if they have the taste for it they
will
prefer it over grass. They need to be kept in a small area to eat
the plant to the ground. This will not kill the plant in one year
but will stop flowering. (4,3)
Cows:
Cows work verry well for these specific weeds.
Their extra stomach helps them to be able to digest the plant
completely.(6,3)<>
Tilling (Plowing):
This
method
is 75-80% successful. It is a fairly good way of control. One
thing
that you have to be careful of is that you have to do this repeatedly
or
else you aren't going to be very effective. You have to cut up
the
roots constantly to kill them or you are going to get many little tiny
plants and you'll have a worse problem then when you started.
When
plowing Dalmation toadflax you have to plow it when it is just starting
to grow, because if you don't then it will go to seed and you'll have a
bigger problem now then you started with. So, if you plow Dalmation
toadflax
do it at the right time (start early) and repeatedly, and you'll have a
very successful control. Remember to check for new sprouts from
seed
for yearly for at least 10 years. (4,3)
Hand Pulling: This is a pretty
effective
method of cultural control. This method was 96% effective if the
plants that were pulled before releasing seeds. When you hand pull
this
weed you must pull all of the root and you have to make sure that when
you pull it is not flowering or the plant will still produce its
seeds.
If you pull the plants at the right time (usually spring when the
ground
is moist and before the plants flower) then within a matter
of
time the plants population will slowly start to decrease.
Remember
to check for new sprouts from seed and pull these also for 10 years.
(4,3,1) <>
Controlled Burning: There is
really
no effective control with burning. If the seedlings were small
enough
then they will die but if the roots are growing then these and the
seeds
in the soil bank will not be effected. <>
Cutting Flower Heads: This is not a very
effective
control because the seeds in the soil can still reproduce and the plant
can still grow and reproduce through its rhizomes (root sprouting).
(4,3) <>
Mowing: This method has not
been completely
tested but it does stop the problem of seed reproduction if it is mowed
before the flower goes to seed. If you mow the toadflax well
before
the toadflax seeds then it will not be able to produce seed that
year.
This method can be useful if it is done correctly. If you mow it too
early
it can still flower and go to seed, or too late and the seeds will
still
mature in the cut seed heads. You may have to mow repeatedly, check for
new flower growth often after mowing. (4,3,1) <>
Grazing: If you allow your
cattle
to graze then they will eat the buds of the plant or the little tiny
sprouts
but they will not eat the whole plant. Over grazing can cause toadflax
to reproduce vigorously and displace useful native plants and can be
harmful
to the cattle. (4,3) <>
Reseeding: If you plant
different
types of native seeds that are competitive then they will hopefully out
compete toadflax. To do this you need to plant something that is
competitive and that you want to have on that site. When you
plant
you need to monitor where the toadflax is and start by putting the
seeds
where it has a better chance of taking over. Toadflax seedlings
are
weak and are easily over topped by healthy native vegetation and out
competed.
Keep the site from being overgrazed. (4,3) <>
10 links:
<>
1. http://www.oneplan.org/Crop/noxWeeds/nxWeed05.htm
<>
2. http://www.whitman.wsu.edu/dtoadflax.html
<>
3. http://www.neweed.org/watchlist.htm
<>
4. http://twinfallscounty.org/dir/weeds/invaders/toadflax.htm
<>
5. http://www.bio-control.com/7i.asp
<>
6. http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/tcweeds/weeds/fact-sheets/dalmation-toadflax.pdf
<>
7. http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/chaffee/noxiousweeds.html
<>
8. http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/invasive_exotics.htm
<>
9. http://piercecountyweedboard.wsu.edu/DalmationToadflax.html
<>
10. http://www.fws.gov/invasives/staffTrainingModule/assessing/monitoring.html<>
Literature Cited:
1. Jeffries, Aileen, Toadflax Control Methods in the
Methow
Valley, [Online], Available, http://Methow.com/~mvcc/projects/LIDA/lida.html.
2. Hansen, Rich, Dalmation toadflax and Yellow Toadflax,
[Online],
Available, http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/weedfeeders/toadflax.html.
3. Fay, K., Peter, Cooksey, Diana, Lacey, R., John,
Nowierski, M.,
Robert, Lajeunesse, Sherry, and Zamora, David, Dalmation and Yellow
Toadflax,
Pamphlet, pg. 9.
4. Breitenfeldt, Todd, Personal Interview, Biology teacher at
Whitehall
High School, Box 1109, Whitehall, MT, 59759. tbreit@whtlsv99.ixi.net,
Work phone (406)287-3862.
5. Nebraska Weed Control
Assosciation,
http://www.neweed.org/watchlist.htm<>.
6.
Washington State University Weed
Information<>
, <>
http://www.whitman.wsu.edu/dtoadflax.html
<>
<>
7. Twin Falls County Weed Control, <>
<>
http://twinfallscounty.org/dir/weeds/invaders/toadflax.htm
<>
<>
By:
Cindy Lofftus
1/18/02. Updated By: Erin
Amerman 2/23/09.<>
Back
to Cultural Control mtwow.org
HOME