- common crupina (Crupina vulgaris)
(left: crupina seed Right: whole crupina plant)
Pictures courtesy of: http://splash.metrokc.gov/wlr/lands/Weeds/crup.htm
Photos of plant and infestation
Common name: common crupina
Scientific name: Crupina vulgaris.
Looking for more info? Try these other sites:
http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/ces/wyoweed/Weedtext/curupina.htm
http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/LANDS/Weeds/crup.htm
http://www.tardigrade.org/natives/noxious.html
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/weedhome.html
http://www.ecnc.nl/doc/ecnc/saxifrag/euroflor.html
http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?12504
http://biology.usgs.gov/luhna/chap10.html
Leaves: Cotyledons (embriotic leaves and food storage) have a red to purple medrib. Mature plant leaves alternate, attached directly to the stems, with deep lobes. They look something like basil leaves, unsplit.
Stems: The stem is stiff and terminating in several flowering branches. It also has small, stiff hairs that can make it feel prickly.
Flower: There are 1 to 5 flower heads per branch. The flowers are narrow, cylindrical, pink, lavender, or purple. The plant flowers in June or July.
Seeds: They are large and oblong, with a ring of dark, stiff bristles encircling the broad end of the seed.
Roots: crupina has a taproot system, that goes deep underground.
Method of Reproduction: common crupina uses transport by animals' fur. The bristles on the seed are designed to cling, as the seed is too heavy to be transported by the wind.
Habitat: crupina likes a moderate climate, and it can thrive in temperate conditions.
Native Range: Crupina is fond of places like King County California and Washington D.C. It likes mild and moderate climates, and Montana, for the most part, is too dry for this plant.
Control: Experimental pathogens have been found in lab tests. The fungi Alternaria, Fusarium, and Phoma have been shown to kill codyletons and true leaves within 3-7 days of having been applied. There were no other natural pathogens that have, as yet, been discovered.
Try this sight for further information on these fungi and other plant pathogens:
http://ext.agn.uiuc.edu/abstract/151.html
Bibliography:
1. B.C. Government, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries, [online]available:
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/croplive/cropprot/weedguid/crupina.htm 2000.
2. Grayson Baird, University of Wyoming, Wyoming Weed Identification
Page, [online]available:
http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/ces/wyoweed/Weedtext/curupina.htm
.
3. Shaw-Ming Yang, K. Chabane, R. Sobhian, L. Knutson, Abstract 151;
Plant pathogens, [Online] available: http://ext.agn.uiuc.edu/abstract/151.html
.
Links:
http://www.uwyo.edu/ag/ces/wyoweed/Weedtext/curupina.htm
http://splash.metrokc.gov/wlr/lands/Weeds/crup.htm
http://www.tardigrade.org/natives/noxious.html
http://mtwow.org/
http://ext.agn.uiuc.edu/abstract/151.html
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